The emerging discipline of oncofertility advocates for the timely provision of fertility preservation (FP) to all cancer patients of childbearing age by healthcare providers. A lack of practice due to limited FP-related knowledge was found among healthcare providers. A systematic review was undertaken on the educational programs on FP for healthcare providers. An initial search was performed in MEDLINE, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Web of Science, PubMed, and Scopus databases in October 2019. This review was guided by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses statement. Among the 160 articles that were identified, five relevant articles published between 2009 and 2019 were reviewed. Of the five studies, three were quantitative nonrandomized studies, one was a randomized controlled trial, and one was a qualitative study. Three programs were relevant to oncology nurses, one was relevant to social workers as well as nurses, and one was relevant to oncology fellows and residents. The four programs significantly increased healthcare providers' knowledge about FP, but clinical practice was only improved in the Educating Nurses about Reproductive Issues in Cancer Healthcare program (P < 0.01). Nevertheless, most of the studies used a self-made questionnaire or tool to assess the effects of the training programs. The educational programs improved the FP-related knowledge of healthcare providers but lacked the high-quality randomized controlled trials needed to provide robust evidence on the effectiveness of training programs using standard tools. More training projects should be developed based on learning theories or models to improve oncofertility care in clinical practice.