Microrobots for endovascular embolization face challenges in precise delivery within dynamic blood vessels. Here, an intelligent generic high-throughput oscillatory shear technology (iGHOST) is proposed to fabricate diversely programmable, multifunctional microrobots capable of real-time visual guidance for in vivo endovascular embolization. Leveraging machine learning (ML), key synthesis parameters affecting the success and sphericity of the microrobots are identified. Therefore, the ML-optimized iGHOST enables continuous production of uniform microrobots with programmable sizes (400-1000 mu m) at an ultrahigh rate exceeding 240 mL h-1 by oscillatory segmenting fluid into droplets before ionic cross-linking, and without requiring purification. Particularly, the iGHOST-fabricated magnetically responsive lipiodol-calcium alginate (MagLiCA) microrobots are highly distinguishable under X-ray imaging, which allows for precise navigation in fluid flows of up to 4 mL min-1 and accurate embolization in liver and kidney blood vessels, thus addressing the current issues. Crucially, MagLiCA microrobots possess drug-loading capabilities, enabling simultaneous embolization and site-specific treatment. The iGHOST process is an intelligent, rapid, and green manufacturing method, which can produce size-controllable, multifunctional microrobots with the potential for precise drug delivery and treatment under real-time imaging across various medical applications.
基金:
Major State Basic Research Development Program of China; National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) [U22A20333, 81925019, U1705281, 82302403, 82202330]; Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities [20720190088, 20720200019]; Science Foundation of Fujian Province [2020Y4003]; Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University, China [NCET-13-0502]; Shenzhen Science and Technology Program [JCYJ20220530143213029]; China Postdoctoral Science Foundation [2023T160383]; [2023YFB3810000]