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Differentiated genomic footprints suggest isolation and long-distance migration of Hmong-Mien populations

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机构： [1]Institute of Rare Diseases, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China [2]Center for Archaeological Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610000, China [3]Faculty of Forensic Medicine, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China [4]School of Medical Information, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400331, China [5]School of Forensic Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Jinzhong 030001, China [6]School of Basic Medical Sciences, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637000, China [7]Institute of Forensic Medicine, West China School of Basic Science & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China [8]School of Sociology and Anthropology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China [9]Department of Forensic Medicine, College of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400331, China [10]School of Forensic Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, China [11]School of Ethnology and Anthropology, Inner Mongolia Normal University, Inner Mongolia 010028, China [12]Anti-Drug Technology Center of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510230, China [13]Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Forensic Multi-Omics for Precision Identifcation, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China [14]Research Center for Genomic Medicine, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637100, China

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关键词： Genetic diversity Demographic history Admixture events Hmong-Mien speaker Diferentiated genetic structure

摘要：

The underrepresentation of Hmong-Mien (HM) people in Asian genomic studies has hindered our comprehensive understanding of the full landscape of their evolutionary history and complex trait architecture. South China is a multi-ethnic region and indigenously settled by ethnolinguistically diverse HM, Austroasiatic (AA), Tai-Kadai (TK), Austronesian (AN), and Sino-Tibetan (ST) people, which is regarded as East Asia's initial cradle of biodiversity. However, previous fragmented genetic studies have only presented a fraction of the landscape of genetic diversity in this region, especially the lack of haplotype-based genomic resources. The deep characterization of demographic history and natural-selection-relevant genetic architecture of HM people was necessary.We reported one HM-specific genomic resource and comprehensively explored the fine-scale genetic structure and adaptative features inferred from the genome-wide SNP data of 440 HM individuals from 33 ethnolinguistic populations, including previously unreported She. We identified solid genetic differentiation between HM people and Han Chinese at 7.64‒15.86 years ago (kya) and split events between southern Chinese inland (Miao/Yao) and coastal (She) HM people in the middle Bronze Age period and the latter obtained more gene flow from Ancient Northern East Asians. Multiple admixture models further confirmed that extensive gene flow from surrounding ST, TK, and AN people entangled in forming the gene pool of Chinese coastal HM people. Genetic findings of isolated shared unique ancestral components based on the sharing alleles and haplotypes deconstructed that HM people from the Yungui Plateau carried the breadth of previously unknown genomic diversity. We identified a direct and recent genetic connection between Chinese inland and Southeast Asian HM people as they shared the most extended identity-by-descent fragments, supporting the long-distance migration hypothesis. Uniparental phylogenetic topology and network-based phylogenetic relationship reconstruction found ancient uniparental founding lineages in southwestern HM people. Finally, the population-specific biological adaptation study identified the shared and differentiated natural selection signatures among inland and coastal HM people associated with physical features and immune functions. The allele frequency spectrum of cancer susceptibility alleles and pharmacogenomic genes showed significant differences between HM and northern Chinese people.Our extensive genetic evidence combined with the historical documents supported the view that ancient HM people originated from the Yungui regions associated with ancient "Three-Miao tribes" descended from the ancient Daxi-Qujialing-Shijiahe people. Then, some have recently migrated rapidly to Southeast Asia, and some have migrated eastward and mixed respectively with Southeast Asian indigenes, Liangzhu-related coastal ancient populations, and incoming southward ST people. Generally, complex population migration, admixture, and adaptation history contributed to the complicated patterns of population structure of geographically diverse HM people.© 2024. The Author(s).

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大类 | 1 区

生物学

小类 | 1 区生物学

第一作者：

第一作者机构： [1]Institute of Rare Diseases, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China [2]Center for Archaeological Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610000, China [12]Anti-Drug Technology Center of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510230, China [14]Research Center for Genomic Medicine, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637100, China

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通讯机构： [1]Institute of Rare Diseases, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China [2]Center for Archaeological Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610000, China [3]Faculty of Forensic Medicine, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China [12]Anti-Drug Technology Center of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510230, China [13]Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Forensic Multi-Omics for Precision Identifcation, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China [14]Research Center for Genomic Medicine, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637100, China

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Differentiated genomic footprints suggest isolation and long-distance migration of Hmong-Mien populations

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