Aim: This study aimed to explore the role of the developed nomogram in the prognosis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Methods: A total of 181 ESCC patients were randomly divided into a training cohort (n = 141) and a validation cohort (n = 40). Significant factors impacting overall survival (OS) were identified in the training set and integrated into the nomogram based on Cox proportional hazards regression. Results: In the training cohort, the median OS in the high group (>= 222) was 49.9 months and the median OS in the low group (<222) was 14.4 months. Multivariate analysis revealed that age, Karnofsky performance status score, tumor stage, chemotherapy, BMI, cervical esophageal carcinoma index and neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio were predictors of OS. Conclusion: The developed nomogram can effectively predict the survival prognosis of ESCC patients. Lay abstract: Currently, the prognosis of patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is poor, especially in patients with advanced stages. This study aimed to establish a prognostic model based on the common detection indexes and treatment status of different ESCC patients during treatment. Studies have shown that the prognosis of ESCC patients is related to local tumor size, nutritional function and immune inflammatory indicators. The prognostic model established by us can better distinguish patient risk and predict patients' overall survival. Pre-treatment intervention for patients with a poor prognosis may improve the survival of ESCC patients.