Introduction: Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the main etiologic factor for cervical cancer (CC). To investigate the prevalence of HPV types in archival CC and its precursors collected form Tongliao area, which is located in the east of Inner Mongolian autonomous region, China, and compare the genotype distribution of HPV in cervical lesions between Hall Chinese and Mongolian. Methods: The infections of HPV in a total of 175 cases of formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded samples, including 71 low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSIL), 27 high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL), and 77 CC were detected by the combination of consensus primers nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and type-specific primers nested PCR. Results: Overall, HPV prevalence was 93.5% in CC, 92.6% in HSIL, and 63.4% in LSIL. Human papillomavirus 16 was the most predominant HPV type in all cervical lesions, detected in 83.1% of CC, 77.8% of HSIL, and 33.8% of LSIL. Human papillomavirus 45 was the second most predominant HPV type in CC (16.9%) and HSIL (11.1%). Human papillomavirus 33 was the second most predominant HPV type in LSIL (8.5%). Human papillomavirus 18, equal with HPV 45, was the second most common type in Mongolian CC (15.6%), whereas in Hart Chinese specimens, no HPV IS was found. Conclusions: The prevalence of HPV 45 in CC and HSIL in Tongliao area were relatively higher than other regions of China. Comparing the distribution of HPV types in Flail Chinese and Mongolian, the prevalence of HPV 18 in CC from Mongolian was significantly higher than that in Han Chinese.