Ischemic stroke continues to be a leading cause of mortality and long-term disability, affecting millions globally each year. Although nanoenzymes are explored as therapeutic candidates, conventional nanoenzymes predominantly target antioxidative mechanisms, which are insufficient to address the complex pathophysiology of ischemic stroke. In response to this challenge, this work introduces Transition Metal Nanocluster catalysts (TMNCs), which are widely recognized for their antioxidative and enzyme-mimicking properties. However, this research reveals these nanoclusters, specifically molybdenum (Mo), vanadium (V) and tungsten (W), exhibit a novel and critical Deoxyribonuclease I (DNase1)-like activity, previously unrecognized in the context of stroke therapy. Among these, Mo nanoclusters (Mo NCs) emerged as the most potent DNase1 mimics, efficiently degrading neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) and disrupting the detrimental NET-free radical cycle that exacerbates ischemic damage. This unique mechanism not only addresses oxidative stress but also mitigates NET-associated inflammation, offering a dual-action therapeutic approach. Behavioral studies in animal models demonstrated that Mo NCs significantly accelerated motor function recovery while providing robust neuroprotection.© 2025 Wiley‐VCH GmbH.