A considerable number of women of reproductive age suffer from endometriosis worldwide. There is a significant physical, mental, and financial burden on patients affected by this condition in terms of pelvic pain, either continuously or intermittently, dysmenorrhea, infertility, and a higher risk of certain types of cancer. Several treatments available in clinical settings for endometriosis management do not provide adequate efficacy and have undesirable side effects. Transcription factors (TFs) are crucial regulators of key biological processes involved in endometriosis. Here, we elaborated on the research progress regarding the crucial roles of TFs in endometriosis, emphasizing their implications for clinical outcomes and critical therapeutic contributions. By delving into their involvement in key processes, such as cell proliferation and apoptosis, we revealed the multifaceted role of key TFs in disease progression. We aimed to provide a systemic understanding of TFs regulation in endometriosis pathogenesis, establishing a foundation for innovative treatment approaches.© 2025. Science China Press.