机构：[1]Institute of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical Poisoning, the First Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University (the Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China[2]Chongqing Key Laboratory for Wound Damage Repair and Regeneration, Chongqing, China[3]Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore[4]National University of Singapore (NUS) Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore[5]Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China[6]Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhuhai People’s Hospital (Zhuhai Clinical Medical College of Jinan University), Jinan University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China[7]The Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China[8]State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, China四川大学华西医院
Macrophages are versatile immune cells with remarkable plasticity, enabling them to adapt to diverse tissue microenvironments and perform various functions. Traditionally categorized into classically activated (M1) and alternatively activated (M2) phenotypes, recent advances have revealed a spectrum of macrophage activation states that extend beyond this dichotomy. The complex interplay of signaling pathways, transcriptional regulators, and epigenetic modifications orchestrates macrophage polarization, allowing them to respond to various stimuli dynamically. Here, we provide a comprehensive overview of the signaling cascades governing macrophage plasticity, focusing on the roles of Toll-like receptors, signal transducer and activator of transcription proteins, nuclear receptors, and microRNAs. We also discuss the emerging concepts of macrophage metabolic reprogramming and trained immunity, contributing to their functional adaptability. Macrophage plasticity plays a pivotal role in tissue repair and regeneration, with macrophages coordinating inflammation, angiogenesis, and matrix remodeling to restore tissue homeostasis. By harnessing the potential of macrophage plasticity, novel therapeutic strategies targeting macrophage polarization could be developed for various diseases, including chronic wounds, fibrotic disorders, and inflammatory conditions. Ultimately, a deeper understanding of the molecular mechanisms underpinning macrophage plasticity will pave the way for innovative regenerative medicine and tissue engineering approaches. The rapid and orderly process of wound healing depends on the normal function of M1 and M2 and timely phenotypic transformation. However, when M1 phenotype is overexpressed or phenotypic transformation is delayed, it often leads to the pathological healing process of the wound. image
基金：
National Natural Sciences Foundation of China [81630055, 81920108022, 82172232, 31872742]; Military Medical Science and Technology Youth Training Program of the Army Military Medical University [20QNPY024]; Special Project for Enhancing Science and Technology Innovation Ability (frontier exploration)of the Army Military Medical University (Third Military Medical University) Innovation Ability [2019XQY12]
第一作者机构：[1]Institute of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical Poisoning, the First Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University (the Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China[2]Chongqing Key Laboratory for Wound Damage Repair and Regeneration, Chongqing, China
共同第一作者：
通讯作者：
通讯机构：[1]Institute of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical Poisoning, the First Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University (the Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China[2]Chongqing Key Laboratory for Wound Damage Repair and Regeneration, Chongqing, China[8]State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, China[*1]Institute of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical Poisoning, the First Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University (the Third Military Medical University), Chongqing Key Laboratory for Wound Damage Repair and Regeneration, Chongqing 400038, China[*2]State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, China
推荐引用方式(GB/T 7714)：
Yan Lingfeng,Wang Jue,Cai Xin,et al.Macrophage plasticity: signaling pathways, tissue repair, and regeneration[J].MEDCOMM.2024,5(8):doi:10.1002/mco2.658.
