Brachytherapy (BT) is an effective form of cancer treatment. In recent years, significant progress has been made in applying artificial intelligence (AI) in brachytherapy, especially in the treatment of cervical cancer and prostate cancer. This paper summarizes the latest developments and applications of AI in brachytherapy, focusing on its role in improving treatment accuracy and efficacy. Integrating AI in medical image enhancement, organ segmentation, and dose calculation has significantly improved efficiency and accuracy, providing new avenues for treatment planning and quality assurance. In addition, the potential of AI in patient follow-up prediction promises better assessment of treatment outcomes and prognosis. This paper also discusses the challenges and future directions in using AI to improve the accuracy and effectiveness of brachytherapy, highlighting the significant potential of AI in making brachytherapy more accurate, adaptable, and effective.