Ovarian follicle development is a complex and well-orchestrated biological process of great economic significance for poultry production. Specifically, understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying follicular development is essential for high-efficiency follicular development can benefit the entire industry. In addition, domestic egg-laying hens often spontaneously develop ovarian cancer, providing an opportunity to study the genetic, biochemical, and environmental risk factors associated with the development of this cancer. Here, we provide high-quality RNA sequencing data for chicken follicular granulosa cells (GCs) across 10 developmental stages, which resulted in a total of 204.57 Gb of clean sequencing data (6.82 Gb on average per sample). We also performed gene expression, time-series, and functional enrichment analyses across the 10 developmental stages. Our study revealed that SWF (small while follicle), F1 (F1 hierarchical follicles) and POFs (postovulatory follicles) best represent the transcriptional changes associated with the prehierarchical, preovulatory and postovulatory stages, respectively. We found that the preovulatory stage F1 showed the greatest divergence in gene expression from the POFs stage. Our research lays a foundation for further elucidation of egg-laying performance of chicken and human ovarian disease.© The Author(s) 2023. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Genetics Society of America.