Background: Recent data regarding the survival of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) patients with febrile neutropenia (FN) are lacking. The purpose of this study was to investigate the prognostic factors affecting survival in FN patients with NHL. Material and methods: We retrospectively analyzed 265 NHL patients with FN who were hospitalized and received chemotherapy at the Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center from March 2012 to November 2015. Results: The overall intra-hospital mortality was 12.1%. For univariate analysis, there were significant differences between survivors and non-survivors regarding the chemotherapy intent, level of procalcitonin (PCT), infection evidence, pneumonia, multi-site hospital infection, duration of grade IV myelosuppression, duration of neutropenia, duration of hospital stay, duration of fever, fungal infection, and ICU support. In multiple logistic regression analysis, non-curative chemotherapy (OR: 5.504, [95% CI: 1.780-17.019], P = 0.003), a high level of PCT (OR: 56.598, [95% CI 14.455-221.615], P = 0.000), and long-term myelosuppression (OR: 21.615, [95% CI: 5.383-86.804], P = 0.000) were the important prognostic factors in NHL patients with FN. Conclusion: Our results showed that the outcome of NHL patients with FN and hospitalization depends on the chemotherapy intent, level of PCT and duration of myelosuppression.