Major depressive disorder, neuroticism, suicidal behaviors, and depression severity are associated with cytokine networks and their intricate interactions with metabolic syndrome
Objectives: To identify alterations in the immune profiles in outpatients with major depression (MDD), and its associations with key features, such as suicidal ideation, neuroticism, cognitive symptoms, and the depression phenome while accounting for metabolic syndrome (MetS). Methods: In this case-control study, we assayed 48 serum cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors in 67 healthy controls and 66 MDD outpatients. Around 50 % of the outpatient MDD and control participants had a diagnosis of MetS. Results: Ten differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were upregulated in outpatient MDD (i.e., CXCL12, tumor necrosis factor [TNF]beta, platelet-derived growth factor [PDGF], CCL11, interleukins [IL]9, IL4, CCL5, CCL2, CCL4, IL1 receptor antagonist [IL1RN]), indicating an immune and defense response. Six DEPs were downregulated (vascular endothelial growth factor A [VEGFA], IL12, CCL3, colony stimulating factor [CSF]1, IL1B, nerve growth factor [NGF]), indicating lowered neurogenesis and neuron death regulation. Significant interactions between outpatient MDD and MetS caused a) substantial increases in IL4, IL17, TNF, TNFB, CCL2, CCL5, PDGF, IL1RN; and b) downregulation of VEGFA and FGF. A large part of the variance in neuroticism (26 %), suicidal behaviors (23 %), and the MDD phenome (31 %) was predicted by immunological data and interactions between MetS and CCL5, TNFB or VEGFA. Conclusion: Outpatient MDD is characterized by a cytokine profile with neurotoxic potential which partly explains neuroticism, suicidal behaviors, and the phenome's severity. Lowered IL-10 and activated cytokine profiles with neurotoxic potential are characteristics of outpatient MDD and other depression phenotypes, including severe first-episode inpatient MDD. The presence of MetS in outpatient MDD considerably activates immune profiles with neurotoxic potential. Consequently, immune studies in MDD should always be performed in subjects with and without MetS.
基金：
Ratchadapiseksompotch Fund, Graduate Affairs, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University [GA64/21]; Graduate School; King Bhumibhol Adulyadej's 72nd Birthday Anniversary Scholarship Chulalongkorn University; The 100th Anniversary Chulalongkom University Fund for Doctoral Scholarship
第一作者机构：[1]Univ Elect Sci & Technol China, Sichuan Prov Peoples Hosp, Sichuan Prov Ctr Mental Hlth, Sch Med, Chengdu 610072, Peoples R China[2]Chinese Acad Med Sci, Key Lab Psychosomat Med, Chengdu 610072, Peoples R China[3]Chulalongkorn Univ, Fac Med, Dept Psychiat, Bangkok, Thailand[4]Chulalongkorn Univ, Fac Med, Dept Psychiat, PhD Program Mental Hlth, Bangkok, Thailand[5]Chulalongkorn Univ, Fac Med, Cognit Impairment & Dementia Res Unit, Bangkok, Thailand[6]Chulalongkorn Univ, Cognit Fitness & Biopsychol Technol Res Unit, Fac Med, Bangkok 10330, Thailand[7]Med Univ Plovdiv, Dept Psychiat, Plovdiv, Bulgaria[8]Med Univ Plovdiv, Res Inst, Plovdiv, Bulgaria[9]Kyung Hee Univ, 26 Kyungheedae Ro, Seoul 02447, South Korea
共同第一作者：
通讯作者：
通讯机构：[1]Univ Elect Sci & Technol China, Sichuan Prov Peoples Hosp, Sichuan Prov Ctr Mental Hlth, Sch Med, Chengdu 610072, Peoples R China[2]Chinese Acad Med Sci, Key Lab Psychosomat Med, Chengdu 610072, Peoples R China[3]Chulalongkorn Univ, Fac Med, Dept Psychiat, Bangkok, Thailand[11]Islamic Univ, Coll Med Technol, Med Lab Technol Dept, Najaf, Iraq[*1]Sichuan Provincial Center for Mental Health, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China.
推荐引用方式(GB/T 7714)：
Maes Michael,Jirakran Ketsupar,Vasupanrajit Asara,et al.Major depressive disorder, neuroticism, suicidal behaviors, and depression severity are associated with cytokine networks and their intricate interactions with metabolic syndrome[J].JOURNAL OF PSYCHOSOMATIC RESEARCH.2024,187:doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2024.111951.
APA：
Maes, Michael,Jirakran, Ketsupar,Vasupanrajit, Asara,Zhou, Bo,Tunvirachaisakul, Chavit&Almulla, Abbas F..(2024).Major depressive disorder, neuroticism, suicidal behaviors, and depression severity are associated with cytokine networks and their intricate interactions with metabolic syndrome.JOURNAL OF PSYCHOSOMATIC RESEARCH,187,
MLA：
Maes, Michael,et al."Major depressive disorder, neuroticism, suicidal behaviors, and depression severity are associated with cytokine networks and their intricate interactions with metabolic syndrome".JOURNAL OF PSYCHOSOMATIC RESEARCH 187.(2024)
