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Immunotherapy Innovations in the Fight against Osteosarcoma: Emerging Strategies and Promising Progress

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机构： [1]Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Orthopedic Research Institute, Department of Orthopedics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China. [2]Department of Orthopedics, Hunan Loudi Central Hospital, Loudi 417000, China. [3]Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China. [4]Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison College of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA.

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关键词： osteosarcoma suppressive immune environment nanoparticles immunotherapy

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Immunosuppressive elements within the tumor microenvironment are the primary drivers of tumorigenesis and malignant advancement. The presence, as well as the crosstalk between myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), osteosarcoma-associated macrophages (OS-Ms), regulatory T cells (Tregs), and endothelial cells (ECs) with osteosarcoma cells cause the poor prognosis of OS. In addition, the consequent immunosuppressive factors favor the loss of treatment potential. Nanoparticles offer a means to dynamically and locally manipulate immuno-nanoparticles, which present a promising strategy for transforming OS-TME. Additionally, chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) technology is effective in combating OS. This review summarizes the essential mechanisms of immunosuppressive cells in the OS-TME and the current immune-associated strategies. The last part highlights the limitations of existing therapies and offers insights into future research directions.

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大类 | 3 区医学

小类 | 2 区药学

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第一作者机构： [1]Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Orthopedic Research Institute, Department of Orthopedics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China. [2]Department of Orthopedics, Hunan Loudi Central Hospital, Loudi 417000, China.

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