Background: The effect of donor kidney morphology parameters on the prognosis of renal transplant recipients remains unclear. Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study consisting of 290 pairs of donors and recipients who underwent living related renal transplantation in our center between December 2013 and December 2015. The donor kidney morphology parameters, demographic characteristics and renal function of the included participants were collected and analyzed. Results: The univariate linear regression analysis revealed that the donor kidney weight (DKW)/recipient body weight (RBW), DKW/recipient body surface area (RBSA), DKW/recipient body mass index (RBMI), donor kidney volume (DKV)/RBW, DKV/RBSA, DKV/RBMI, and donor body weight (DBW)/RBW were significantly correlated with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and serum creatinine in recipients within two years of transplantation. In our multivariate linear regression analysis, DKW/RBW and donor age significantly correlated with eGFR at 6, 12, 18 and 24 months after transplantation. DKW/RBW had the best prediction performance for good renal allograft function at 12 months after transplantation. We found that when the age of the donor was 55 years and above, the prediction performance of the nephron dosing to the recipient's metabolic demands mismatch was elevated. After grouping according to the donor's age and DKW/RBW, the allograft function from different donor ages improved as DKW/RBW increased. The number of recipients who were rejected in the high DKW/RBW group was significantly fewer than those in the low and medium groups the 1, 2, and 3-year graft and patient survival rates were comparable among these groups. Furthermore, we also identified that when the age of the donor was 55 years and above, the threshold of DKW/RBW was 3.09 g/kg via the receiver operating characteristic curve, which predicted a good renal function 12 months after transplantation. Conclusions: The donor kidney morphology parameters were significantly associated with early renal allograft function, especially when the age of the donor was 55 years and above.