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China's tuberculosis epidemic stems from historical expansion of four strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

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机构： [1]Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, Ministry of Education and Health, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Public Health ClinicalCenter, Fudan University, Shanghai, China [2]Shenzhen Center for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen, China [3]National Center for Tuberculosis Control andPrevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China [4]State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Ministry of EducationKey Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, School of Life Sciences and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China [5]NationalTuberculosis Clinical Laboratory, Beijing Key Laboratory for Drug Resistance Tuberculosis Research, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor ResearchInstitute, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China [6]The Institute of TB Control, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control andPrevention, Hangzhou, China [7]West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicines, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China [8]Department ofEpidemiology of Microbial Diseases, School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA [9]Institute of Biomedicine of Valencia, CSIC and CIBERin Epidemiology and Public Health, Valencia, Spain [10]Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland [11]University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland [12]Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA [13]Department of Medical Microbiologyand Immunology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA

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A small number of high-burden countries account for the majority of tuberculosis cases worldwide. Detailed data are lacking from these regions. To explore the evolutionary history of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in China-the country with the third highest tuberculosis burden-we analysed a countrywide collection of 4,578 isolates. Little genetic diversity was detected, with 99.4% of the bacterial population belonging to lineage 2 and three sublineages of lineage 4. The deeply rooted phylogenetic positions and geographic restriction of these four genotypes indicate that their populations expanded in situ following a small number of introductions to China. Coalescent analyses suggest that these bacterial subpopulations emerged in China around 1,000 years ago, and expanded in parallel from the twelfth century onwards, and that the whole population peaked in the late eighteenth century. More recently, sublineage L2.3, which is indigenous to China and exhibited relatively high transmissibility and extensive global dissemination, came to dominate the population dynamics of M. tuberculosis in China. Our results indicate that historical expansion of four M. tuberculosis strains shaped the current tuberculosis epidemic in China, and highlight the long-term genetic continuity of the indigenous M. tuberculosis population.

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大类 | 1 区

生物学

小类 | 1 区生态学 1 区进化生物学

第一作者：

第一作者机构： [1]Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, Ministry of Education and Health, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Public Health ClinicalCenter, Fudan University, Shanghai, China [2]Shenzhen Center for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen, China

通讯作者：

通讯机构： [1]Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, Ministry of Education and Health, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Public Health ClinicalCenter, Fudan University, Shanghai, China [2]Shenzhen Center for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen, China [12]Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA [13]Department of Medical Microbiologyand Immunology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA

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