Objectives: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of carboplatin-based preoperative chemotherapy in triplenegative breast cancer patients (TNBC). Methods: PubMed, EMBASE, the Web of Science, the Cochrane Library, major clinical trial registries, and abstract collections from major international meetings were systematically searched for relevant randomized controlled trials. Endpoints included rates of pathologic complete response (pCR), overall response (ORR), breast-conserving surgery (BCS) and toxicity. Pooled relative risk (RR) was calculated for each endpoint using a fixed- or random- effect model depending on the heterogeneity among included studies. Results: A total of 5 randomized controlled trials involving 1007 patients were included in the metaanalysis. Carboplatin- based chemotherapy was associated with a pooled pCR rate of 53.3%, which was significantly higher than the rate associated with noncarboplatin therapy (37.8%, RR: 1.41, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.23 to 1.62, p<0.00001). Compared with non-carboplatin therapy (48.1%), carboplatin-based chemotherapy increased BCS rate (59.7%, RR: 1.24, 95% CI: 1.06 to 1.46, p=0.007). Carboplatin-based chemotherapy was associated with similar ORR as noncarboplatin therapy. Carboplatin-based chemotherapy was associated with higher incidence of grade 3 or 4 anemia, neutropenia, febrile neutropenia, and thrombocytopenia than non-carboplatin therapy, while the 2 regimens were associated with similar incidence of fatigue, leucopenia, and nausea/vomiting. Conclusion: The available evidence suggests that carboplatin-based preoperative chemotherapy is associated with significantly better pCR and BCS rates than non-carboplatin-based therapy in TNBC patients.