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Tracing the Evolution of Sex Hormones and Receptor-Mediated Immune Microenvironmental Differences in Prostate and Bladder Cancers: From Embryonic Development to Disease

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机构： [1]Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China. [2]Department of Urology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610041, China. [3]Department of pathology, Ningbo Clinical Pathology Diagnosis Center, Ningbo City, Zhejiang Province, 315211, China. [4]Department of Urological Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical Center of PLA, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 404100, China. [5]Department of Urology, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 04510, South Korea. [6]Department of Comparative Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA. [7]Purdue Institute for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA. [8]Department of Public Research Platform, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, 317000, China. [9]Department of Urology, Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing University, Wanzhou, Chongqing, 404000, China. [10]Department of Rehabilitation, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, P. R. China. [11]Department of Earth Science and Engineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK. [12]Joint International Research Laboratory of Green Buildings and Built Environments (Ministry of Education), Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, China. [13]Division of Surgery & Interventional Science, University College London, London, W1W 7TS, UK. [14]Basic and Translational Cancer Research Group, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, University of Nigeria, Enugu State, Nsukka, 410001, Eastern part of Nigeria. [15]Department of Clinical Oncology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Hong Kong, SAR, 999077, China.

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关键词： bladder cancer developmental biology immune microenvironment prostate cancer receptors sex hormones

摘要：

The bladder and prostate originate from the urogenital sinus. However, bladder cancer (BC) is usually classified as an immune "hot" tumor, whereas prostate cancer (PCa) is deemed as an immune "cold" tumor according to the tumor microenvironment (TME) and clinical outcomes. To investigate the immune differences between BC and PCa, studies are compared focusing on immune regulation mediated by sex hormones and receptors to identify key genes and pathways responsible for the immune differences. From a developmental perspective, it is shown that PCa and BC activate genes and pathways similar to those in the developmental stage. During prostate development, the differential expression and function of the androgen receptor (AR) across cell types may contribute to its dual role in promoting and inhibiting immunity in different cells. Androgen deprivation therapy affects AR function in different cells within the TME, influencing immune cell infiltration and antitumor function. Additionally, estrogenα and estrogenβ exert contrasting effects in PCa and BC, which may hold the potential for modifying the "cold" and "hot" tumor phenotypes. Future research should target key genes and pathways involved in bladder development to clarify the immune regulatory similarities and differences between BC and PCa.© 2024 The Author(s). Advanced Science published by Wiley‐VCH GmbH.

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大类 | 1 区

材料科学

小类 | 1 区化学：综合 1 区材料科学：综合 2 区纳米科技

第一作者：

第一作者机构： [1]Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.

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通讯作者：

通讯机构： [1]Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China. [13]Division of Surgery & Interventional Science, University College London, London, W1W 7TS, UK.

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Tracing the Evolution of Sex Hormones and Receptor-Mediated Immune Microenvironmental Differences in Prostate and Bladder Cancers: From Embryonic Development to Disease

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