In the context of advancing medical procedures, postoperative infections in cancer patients, particularly those involving multidrug-resistant organisms, have become a significant clinical concern. This study aims to comprehensively and systematically evaluate the effectiveness of infection prevention and control for multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs) in postoperative cancer patients using Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA). This study was conducted in a tertiary A-level cancer specialty hospital in China, employing Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA) to assess the risks of hospital infections. Intervention measures were implemented for high-risk and medium-high-risk factors. Through the hospital's infection information system, data on patients who underwent surgical treatment from 2017 to 2022 were extracted. Data from 2017 to 2019 served as the control group, and data from 2020 to 2022 as the intervention group, to compare the changes in hospital infection incidence and MDRO infection incidence before and after the intervention. Categorical data were described in terms of frequency and percentage. The chi-square test was utilized for statistical inference to assess the differences in infection rates before and after the intervention. Prior to the intervention (2017-2019), the incidence rate of hospital infections was 1.66%, which decreased to 1.22% after the intervention (2020-2022), showing a statistically significant difference (chi(2) = 48.83, P < 0.001). The incidence rate of MDRO infections also decreased from 1.808 parts per thousand before the intervention to 1.136 parts per thousand after the intervention, with a statistically significant difference (chi(2) = 11.417, P = 0.001). This study confirms the effectiveness of the FMEA method in preventing and controlling MDRO infections in postoperative cancer patients. It highlights the practicality and value of widespread adoption of this method, particularly in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic.