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Application of artificial intelligence in lung cancer screening: A real-world study in a Chinese physical examination population

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机构： [1]Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China. [2]State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, West China Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China. [3]Institute of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China. [4]Health Management Center, General Practice Medical Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China. [5]West China Clinical Medical College, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China. [6]State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China. [7]Institute of Hospital Management, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China. [8]National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics (WCH), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China. [9]Center of Gerontology and Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China. [10]Institute of Respiratory Health, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China. [11]Precision Medicine Center, Precision Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China. [12]The Research Units of West China, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, West China Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.

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With the rapid increase of chest computed tomography (CT) images, the workload faced by radiologists has increased dramatically. It is undeniable that the use of artificial intelligence (AI) image-assisted diagnosis system in clinical treatment is a major trend in medical development. Therefore, in order to explore the value and diagnostic accuracy of the current AI system in clinical application, we aim to compare the detection and differentiation of benign and malignant pulmonary nodules between AI system and physicians, so as to provide a theoretical basis for clinical application.Our study encompassed a cohort of 23 336 patients who underwent chest low-dose spiral CT screening for lung cancer at the Health Management Center of West China Hospital. We conducted a comparative analysis between AI-assisted reading and manual interpretation, focusing on the detection and differentiation of benign and malignant pulmonary nodules.The AI-assisted reading exhibited a significantly higher screening positive rate and probability of diagnosing malignant pulmonary nodules compared with manual interpretation (p < 0.001). Moreover, AI scanning demonstrated a markedly superior detection rate of malignant pulmonary nodules compared with manual scanning (97.2% vs. 86.4%, p < 0.001). Additionally, the lung cancer detection rate was substantially higher in the AI reading group compared with the manual reading group (98.9% vs. 90.3%, p < 0.001).Our findings underscore the superior screening positive rate and lung cancer detection rate achieved through AI-assisted reading compared with manual interpretation. Thus, AI exhibits considerable potential as an adjunctive tool in lung cancer screening within clinical practice settings.© 2024 The Author(s). Thoracic Cancer published by John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd.

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大类 | 3 区医学

小类 | 4 区肿瘤学 4 区呼吸系统

第一作者：

第一作者机构： [1]Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China. [2]State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, West China Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China. [3]Institute of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.

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通讯机构： [1]Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China. [2]State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, West China Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China. [3]Institute of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China. [4]Health Management Center, General Practice Medical Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China. [10]Institute of Respiratory Health, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China. [11]Precision Medicine Center, Precision Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China. [12]The Research Units of West China, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, West China Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China. [*1]Health Management Center, General Practice Medical Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guoxue Lane, Wuhou District, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China. [*2]Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Respiratory Health, Center of Precision Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guoxue Lane, Wuhou District, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China.

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