机构：[1]Institute for Health & Aging, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA[2]Center for Tobacco Control Research and Education, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA[3]Huaxi School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China[4]Center for International Tobacco Control, Public Health Institute, Oakland, California, USA[5]School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
The goal of this study was to assess the healthcare costs attributable to secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure among non-smoking adults (age ≥ 19) in rural China.We analysed data from the 2011 National Rural Household Survey which was conducted among adults in five provinces and one municipality in China (N=12,397). Respondents reported their smoking status, health conditions and healthcare expenditures. Relative risks were obtained from published sources. Healthcare costs included annual outpatient and inpatient hospitalisation expenditures for five SHS-related diseases: asthma, breast cancer (female only), heart disease, lung cancer and tuberculosis. SHS-attributable healthcare costs were estimated using a prevalence-based annual cost approach.The total healthcare costs of SHS exposure in rural China amounted to $1.2 billion in 2011, including $559 million for outpatient visits and $612.4 million for inpatient hospitalisations. The healthcare costs for women and men were $877.1 million and $294.3 million, respectively. Heart disease was the most costly condition for both women ($701.7 million) and men ($180.6 million). The total healthcare costs of SHS exposure in rural China accounted to 0.3% of China's national healthcare expenditures in 2011. Over one-fifth of the total healthcare costs of SHS exposure in rural China were paid by health insurance. The out-of-pocket expenditures per person accounted for almost half (47%) of their daily income.The adverse health effects of SHS exposure result in a large economic burden in China. Tobacco control policies that reduce SHS exposure could have an impact on reducing healthcare costs in China.Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://group.bmj.com/group/rights-licensing/permissions.
基金：
This study was funded by grants from the US National Institutes of Health
Fogarty International Center (grant R01 TW009295) and the National Cancer
Institute; the Australia Government’s Overseas Aid Program (HSS080020), the
China-Australia Health and HIV/AIDS Facility, the Operational Research on
Integration of NCMS and MA Rural Health Financing Schemes; the California
Tobacco-Related Disease Research Program, Cornelius Hopper Diversity Award
Supplement (20CA-0102); the University of California, San Francisco Dorothy
Pechman Rice Postdoctoral Fellowship; and the US National Cancer Institute
(grant CA-113710).
语种：
外文
PubmedID：
中科院(CAS)分区：
出版当年[2015]版：
大类|2 区医学
小类|2 区公共卫生、环境卫生与职业卫生
最新[2023]版：
大类|2 区医学
小类|1 区公共卫生、环境卫生与职业卫生1 区药物滥用
第一作者：
第一作者机构：[1]Institute for Health & Aging, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA[2]Center for Tobacco Control Research and Education, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA[*1]Institute for Health & Aging, University of California, San Francisco, 3333 California Street, Suite 340, San Francisco, CA 94118, USA
通讯作者：
通讯机构：[1]Institute for Health & Aging, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA[2]Center for Tobacco Control Research and Education, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA[*1]Institute for Health & Aging, University of California, San Francisco, 3333 California Street, Suite 340, San Francisco, CA 94118, USA
推荐引用方式(GB/T 7714)：
Yao Tingting,Sung Hai-Yen,Mao Zhengzhong,et al.The healthcare costs of secondhand smoke exposure in rural China[J].Tobacco control.2015,24(e3):e221-6.doi:10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2014-051621.
APA：
Yao Tingting,Sung Hai-Yen,Mao Zhengzhong,Hu Teh-wei&Max Wendy.(2015).The healthcare costs of secondhand smoke exposure in rural China.Tobacco control,24,(e3)
MLA：
Yao Tingting,et al."The healthcare costs of secondhand smoke exposure in rural China".Tobacco control 24..e3(2015):e221-6
医学